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Introduction to Procharger Superchargers

ProCharger supercharger kits are absolutely the most powerful and reliable supercharger systems available for your vehicle. For street use or at the track, Intercooled ProCharger supercharger systems will deliver the largest increase in horsepower and torque available from any supercharger system. And thanks to the extremely low charge air temperatures provided by ProCharger technology, ProCharger kits also provide much better engine longevity by protecting your motor from detonation. ProCharger systems are designed with a fundamental understanding of the physics behind supercharging, and are engineered to the highest quality standards.

It is this approach that allows ATI to offer exclusive features which improve both the performance and reliability of ProCharger systems relative to other products. For example, it is simply an undisputed fact that lowering charge air temperatures will substantially improve both performance and engine longevity, and ATI provides the coolest intake charge air temperatures in the industry by a wide margin. Similarly, by using CNC machining and nearly indestructable 7075 T-6 aircraft aluminum to produce the largest and strongest impellers in the industry, ATI is able to again improve both performance and reliability. ProChargers are the only centrifugal superchargers to incorporate billet impellers in production models, and this is another example of ATI’s technical leadership. This quality and durability in turn allows customers to have further peace of mind knowing that ProCharger superchargers are also backed by the best warranty in the industry, for the highest boost and power levels. For more information on the physics behind supercharging and the advantages of ProCharger technology, see the ProCharger Technology page.

In addition to absolutely unmatched performance and reliability, ProCharger supercharger kits also offer the following benefits to customers:

QUALITY

ProCharger supercharger kits are produced from the finest materials available. All castings are poured from “virgin” 356 aluminum alloy and heat-treated to a T-6 hardness before CNC machining. ATI’s exclusive billet impellers are machined from 7075 T-6 aircraft aluminum, while the super precision bearings used in all ProCharger models are made in the USA, and are of a consistently higher quality and speed/load rating than those used by any of our competitors. In fact, ProCharger superchargers are so reliable that they are used as standard equipment by many leading boat manufacturers in the extremely demanding marine environment.

COMPLETE SYSTEMS

Fuel-injected automotive and truck ProCharger Systems are generally 100% complete, with all the components needed for an attractive, OEM-quality installation. An exception is larger fuel injectors, as some systems exclude these, especially if larger fuel injectors are only needed for upgraded boost and power levels. All hardware is of the highest quality, and fuel-injected systems include a high-flow external fuel pump as standard equipment if necessary for proper fuel delivery. Carbureted systems are complete with the exception of the carburetor and fuel system, which depend upon an individual’s specific motor and performance needs.

WARRANTY

ProCharger superchargers are absolutely the most reliable (have the lowest failure rate) in the industry, and are backed by the industry’s best warranty coverage. It is not uncommon to find ProCharger kits warrantied for 1 year at power levels which our competitors will not even warranty for 1 day.

EMISSIONS

Many ProCharger Complete Intercooled Supercharger Systems meet both EPA and CARB emissions requirements. To verify the ProCharger offering for your specific application has emissions approval please contact your ProCharger Dealer or you can also verify EO numbers at http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/aftermkt/devices/amquery.php

What is a Centrifugal Supercharger?

And how does one work?

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Introduction

A centrifugal supercharger is a specialized type of supercharger that uses natural centrifugal energy to force additional oxygen into an engine. Increased airflow into the engine allows the engine to burn more fuel which results in increased engine power output. At its most basic, a centrifugal supercharger is driven off the engine’s crankshaft and feeds compressed air into the engine. The centrifugal supercharger is generally attached to the front of the engine with a rigid bracket and driven via a belt-drive or gear-drive from the engine’s crankshaft.

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How does it work?

The centrifugal supercharger contains an impeller which spins at high speed to draw air into a small compressor housing (volute). When air leaves the impeller, it is traveling at high speed while having a low pressure. This low-pressure, high-speed air is sent through a diffuser which converts the airflow so that it is high-pressure, and low-speed. The air is then fed into the engine, where the additional airflow (caused by increased pressure) gives the engine the ability to burn more fuel and have a higher level of combustion. This results in a faster, more responsive vehicle due to greater engine efficiency.

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Centrifugal Components

A centrifugal supercharger is made up of several key components, each working together to compress air and boost the engine’s performance by increasing airflow through the engine. The main components for any centrifugal supercharger include the impeller, compressor housing, diffuser and transmission.

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Impeller

The impeller in a centrifugal supercharger is the main rotating component. The impeller pushes air into the blower and builds the pressure that translates directly into positive manifold pressure, also known as boost. The impeller must be able to withstand high operating temperatures, and must be durable enough to continually perform at high RPMs.

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Compressor Housing (Volute)

The snail-shaped design of the compressor housing is a trait unique to centrifugal superchargers. Technically known as a collector, the purpose of this compressor housing is to gather the airflow and deliver it to a downstream pipe. Although compressor housings can be made from a wide variety of metals or alloys, they are typically formed or cast from aluminum. Aluminum is typically used for supercharger housings/volutes due to the combination of strength, weight, and resistance to corrosion. After the housing is cast, it is then machined to match the impeller design. During assembly of the supercharger the housing is attached to the transmission with securing bolts or band clamps.

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Diffuser

Located between the impeller and the volute is the diffuser. Downstream of the impeller in the flow path, it is the diffuser’s responsibility to convert the kinetic energy (high velocity) of the gas into pressure by gradually slowing (diffusing) the gas velocity.

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Transmission

Along with the step up ratio obtained through the drive system, a transmission step up is also required to obtain the impeller speeds necessary to create the desired boost. Additionally, the transmission contains bearings to support the shafts that are attached to the internal gears. Bearings are used throughout the system to help parts move smoothly and to reduce friction and wear. All centrifugal supercharger bearings must be able to withstand high-speed movement on a constant basis. Proper lubrication is essential for continued centrifugal supercharger performance. The high speed required for the supercharger to create boost demand adequate lubrication for all moving parts. There are several methods of lubrication used in centrifugal superchargers. Some designs utilize engine oil to provide lubrication for the supercharger. On enclosed (self-contained) systems, the lubrication is low weight synthetic oil which is specifically engineered for high-speed use. The lubricating oil is distributed throughout the transmission via an oil slinger/pump.

Efficiencies & Performance

CENTRIFUGAL SUPERCHARGER BENEFITS

There are several considerations in choosing the type of supercharger or boosting system for any vehicle. Three of the more important factors to consider are efficiency, heat transfer, and ability to intercool.

EFFICIENCY

Centrifugal superchargers use a small portion the engine’s power to drive the movement of the supercharger’s internal components. Efficiency has both mechanical (power consumption) and thermal (heating of the compressed air) factors. A higher efficiency means the supercharger consumes less energy from the engine powering it, and produces less heat.

HEAT TRANSFER

There is substantial heat within an engine compartment, and some supercharger designs allow substantial heat transfer from the engine and other components to the supercharger. This in turn allows additional heat to be transferred to the air being compressed inside the supercharger, effectively decreasing efficiency. A good illustration of this is comparing a centrifugal supercharger mounted to the side of an engine or in front of the engine, relative to a positive displacement blower mounted on top of an engine. Comparatively, the centrifugal supercharger has minimal heat transfer from the engine, and is typically positioned in a fresh air stream. The positive displacement supercharger, on the other hand, can heat soak fairly quickly from engine top mounting . Thermal imaging has been used to illustrate this concept well.

AIR-TO-AIR INTERCOOLING

For street use, it is well known that air-to-air intercooling offers superior performance relative to air-to-water intercoolers. The only exception is if a vehicle’s design does not allow placement of an air-to-air intercooler of adequate size, or with adequate airflow, or if it is a race vehicle which is operated for only a short period and is able to utilize ice. This is in part due to the fact that air-to-water intercooling for street use involves a secondary heat exchanger, and is actually air-to-water-to-air intercooling. This two-step design limits intercooler system effectiveness relative to air-to-air designs. Positive displacement superchargers, however, are not able to easily utilize air-to-air intercoolers due to their engine-top mounting, and typically utilize air-to-water-to-air intercoolers. Almost all turbochargers and centrifugal superchargers utilize air-to-air intercooler systems due to their higher effectiveness.

PERFORMANCE

Because of their high-efficiency design that includes minimal heat transfer, centrifugal superchargers produce larger power gains than positive displacement blowers. The ability to utilize highly effective air-to-air intercooling is a further advantage. A subset of superchargers known as turbochargers are “exhaust gas driven superchargers”, and may also be called turbosuperchargers . Relative to turbochargers, centrifugal superchargers will produce larger power gains when running pump gas on the street. With racing fuel to combat detonation, however, turbochargers can produce large power gains on racing engines. This difference in power gain dates back to use in tractor pulling in the early 1960’s, to later use at Indianapolis and the Can-Am racing circuit . Due to this, for hardcore racing, the primary advantage of centrifugal superchargers in race cars becomes consistency and repeatability.

Overall, centrifugal superchargers are an excellent way to boost engine performance in a reliable and street-legal way for a variety of vehicles.

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